What Are The Risk Factors For Developing Diabetes?
Diabetes is a long-term condition that results from the body inability to regulate glucose in the blood and it impacts millions of people. If not well managed, it can cause severe health risks such as heart problems, stroke, kidney malfunction, and nerve dysfunction. Knowledge of factors that put one at a risk of developing Diabetes is important in preventing the condition and possibly treating the condition at an early stage. In this article, we discuss the various factors that may lead to different types of Diabetes, especially Type 2 Diabetes, which is more prevalent.
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Types of Diabetes
Before exploring the risk factors, it’s important to differentiate between the three main types of Diabetes. They are Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, and gestational Diabetes.
Type 1 Diabetes
A type of auto-immune disease which causes the body to attack the insulin producing cells of the pancreas. It usually begins during childhood or adolescence.
Type 2 Diabetes
A metabolic disease where the body’s cells are unable to effectively use insulin or where the body does not produce enough insulin. It is often associated with one’s lifestyle and is known to affect adults more.
Gestational Diabetes
It happens during pregnancy and on most occasions, it ceases once the woman gives birth. However, it raises the possibility of the mother developing Type 2 Diabetes in the later years of her life.
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Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes
Obesity and Overweight
Being overweight or obese are among the significant risk factors for developing Type 2 Diabetes. Obesity is defined as having more than 30 percent body fat, and having fat around the abdomen specifically makes the body less sensitive to insulin which controls blood sugar levels. It has been found that people who are obese as defined by their body mass index (BMI) are more likely to develop the condition.
Physical Inactivity
Inactivity can also contribute to a person developing Type 2 Diabetes as they become more prone to the condition when they lead a sedentary lifestyle. Exercise plays a crucial role in weight management, aids in using glucose as energy and enables the body’s cells to respond more effectively to insulin. A sedentary lifestyle is not healthy since it leads to obesity and insulin resistance, which are risk factors for Diabetes.
Unhealthy Diet
It is important to note that food has a close relationship with the development of Diabetes. High consumption of processed foods and unhealthy fats, and high fructose intake results in obesity and insulin dysfunction. Saturated fats, refined carbohydrates, and sugar raise blood glucose levels, which are the causes of Diabetes.
Family History and Genetics
Another factor that is strongly associated with Type 2 Diabetes is genetics. Diabetes risk is also higher if a parent or sibling has the condition. Certain gene variations may influence the ability of cells to produce insulin or to utilise it and thus, predispose a person to the ailment.
Age
It is important to note that Type 2 Diabetes is more likely to develop later in life. This is because people are likely to become less physically active, have reduced muscle mass, and even become overweight as they age. The chances of getting the disease increase after the age of forty-five.
Ethnic Background
Some ethnic groups are more prone to developing Type 2 Diabetes. These groups include those with African, Hispanis, Natives/Indigenous and/or Asian ethnicity. The reasons for this are not well understood, but may be related to genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
High Blood Pressure and Cholesterol
Individuals with high blood pressure and those with high cholesterol levels are also likely to develop Type 2 Diabetes. Hypertension affects the blood vessels and the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas, while a high lipid profile, specifically LDL and low HDL cholesterol can cause insulin resistance.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
PCOS stands for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, which is a disorder that is associated with hormonal imbalances and metabolic issues. PCOS increases insulin resistance levels and therefore makes them more vulnerable to the risks posed by type 2 Diabetes.
Gestational Diabetes History
Gestational Diabetes is also known to increase the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes in women after they are done with their pregnancy. Also, their children may be at a higher risk of obesity and Diabetes compared to other children.
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Risk Factors for Type 1 Diabetes
Family History
Type 1 Diabetes is less common than Type 2 Diabetes but its risk is higher if one has a family history of it. Some people have a predisposition to developing the disease due to certain DNA markers.
Viral Infections
Some of the viral infections that are strongly associated with Type 1 Diabetes include Coxsackievirus B, mumps, and cytomegalovirus. These infections may activate the autoimmune process that leads to the destruction of insulin producing cells.
Geography
Type 1 Diabetes prevalence also differs by region, with the higher rates in northern Europe and the lower rates in Asia and South America. These differences could be due to viral exposure, diet, climate and other variables.
Early Diet
Research conducted indicates that there is a possibility that early exposure to cow’s milk or cereal proteins in infancy may predispose a person to develop Type 1 Diabetes. But even this relationship is not conclusive and is still under investigation.
Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes
Obesity
Obesity further increases the risk for gestational Diabetes in women who are already overweight or obese before getting pregnant. This risk can be prevented if diet and exercise is managed before getting pregnant to achieve a healthy weight.
Age
Pregnant women who are aged 25 years and above are prone to developing gestational Diabetes. This risk is even higher after the age of 35 years.
Family or Personal History
Genetic factors such as a history of gestational Diabetes or a family history of type 2 Diabetes also predispose women to gestational Diabetes. Risk factors include having previously delivered a baby that weighed more than 9 pounds.
Ethnicity
As in Type 2 Diabetes, women with African, Hispanic, Native, and/or Asian ethnicity are more likely to have gestational Diabetes.
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Conclusion
It is important to be able to identify the potential causes of Diabetes for proper prevention and early detection. Some risk factors, for instance, genetic predispositions and age, cannot be altered, but you have the power and responsibility to change and manage other risk factors like your diet, physical activity, and weight. Screening tests and early management of risk factors can prevent the development of Diabetes and its complications. Thus, people can reduce the risks of developing this chronic disease by adopting specific lifestyle changes and being aware of the risk factors.
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To learn more about Diabetes, check out our other related blogs:
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What Is The Main Cause Of Diabetes?
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